Does Religion Stabilize Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Does Religion Stabilize Society - Essay Example Nonetheless, the issue despite everything stays dubious as religion isn't same for all the nations and its job is diverse in various pieces of the world. Shockingly, there are the social orders, which don't profit by their strict convictions, yet they on the opposite postpone their turn of events. In this manner, the given paper will demonstrate that religion truly can settle society, yet just if the general public balances out its strict beliefs.Religion controls our conduct and this is its most significant job. On the off chance that to dissect the laws, which exist in the cutting edge society, it will turn out to be certain that they depend on the strict convictions moved to us by our progenitors. For instance, in European nations murder is viewed as the hardest viciousness and the first and most significant decree is â€Å"do not murder†. In his article â€Å"The progression of religion in a pluralist society (Part I): recognizing religion from providing for ‘charit y’ Donovan Waters (2011) states: â€Å"religion as the law sees it is worried about conviction or something to that affect in the force and impact of the heavenly; a lot of such convictions will make up a confidence and that confidence relates humankind and the individual’s predetermination to an imagined profound embodiment which somehow is comprehended to carry help to human kind† (Waters, 2011: 653).... In any case, for the religion our general public would be very unique. We can’t know precisely if the life in this general public would be more awful or better, yet it would contrast much from the existence we have now. We realize that well and in this manner look after religion. We feel that we can’t manage without it. As per Emile Durkheim, religion is a result of the general public as the general public perceives its centrality: â€Å"If religion has brought forth all that is fundamental in the public eye, it is on the grounds that the possibility of society is the spirit of religion† (refered to in Bellah, 1973: 191). Religion, confidence and participation Religion shows independence. We can discover numerous strict lessons, which instruct us to depend upon ourselves so as to be fruitful. Religion instructs us to try sincerely and get the attractive, we as a whole know the standard: continue searching for and you will discover. This standard was brought to us by strict lessons and its veracity was demonstrated ordinarily. Religion expresses that we ought to never surrender, on the opposite we should search for the better approaches to get the alluring and have faith in our own powers. Religion instructs us to depend upon ourselves and yet it instructs us to cooperate. The issue is that we are narrow minded essentially. We feel that we can show signs of improvement results filling in as a one group and yet we generally attempt to profit by our self-centeredness. Religion encourages us settle this issue by instructing us to furnish each other with fundamental help. It censures childishness and narrow minded conduct. It is fundamental we should make reference to that cutting edge society and the perspectives on free enterprise make individuals increasingly narrow minded. Presently many like to get favorable position of others and advantage from the disappointment of others. Notwithstanding, such conduct is still profoundly reprimanded and this is because of the strict

Love and Lust in Most Like an Arch, When You Are Old and Other Poems Es

Love and Lust in Most Like an Arch, When You Are Old and Other Poems   I have decided to investigate three love sonnets with three desire sonnets from our content, An Introduction to Poetry (ninth release, Kennedy and Gioia, Longman Publishing). I feel that sonnets about genuine affection regularly join topics of length, solidarity and life span; every single enduring assessment. On the other hand, sonnets of a robust sort pass on the opinion that the inclination is momentary, and must be jumped on preceding (we get an opportunity to consider it to an extreme). Love sonnets talk about the profound parts of the subject and waiting be powerless against them. Desire sonnets appear to concentrate more on the physical excellence of the subject, reviewing the flush of a cheek and the quickness, the criticalness of their enthusiasm. Infrequently is the need to share and speak with the subject passed on. Most Like an Arch This Marriage, by John Ciardi (Page 259) delineates the enduring idea of genuine affection by utilizing the picture of two columns which, all alone, are roofless around nothing (Line 11). The words Till we kiss I am close to upstanding and disconnected, pass on the quality and solidness the speaker finds with this critical other. The picture of the stones used to make this curve convey that thought of lastingness. This speaker realizes that genuine love comes through work and bargain, and is definitely not a convenient solution. Defenselessness on the two sections is likewise a need, since It is by falling in and in we make the all-bearing point, for the wellbeing of each other, in flawless fizzling, raised by our own weight (13). Love and darlings are flawed, yet dazzling in those defects. Cummings' some place I have never voyage, readily past (Page 402) makes a comparative th... ...e's winged chariot hustling close to (22) is pushing the speaker over the edge, taking into account that place where thy excellence will no more be discovered (25). Furthermore, perhaps these men are correct (that is exactly what they'd like me to think!). What great does it do a lady to chomp, scratch and quell her inclinations, just to wind up where worms will attempt that since a long time ago safeguarded virginity (28)? Hold onto the day, while thy willing soul unfolds at each pore with moment fires (35-36). I guess we're not so much attempting to make a judgment, though†¦just a qualification. Basically desire and enthusiasm might be convincing powers, however they are as brief and alterable as the magnificence that rouses them. Contrasted with the dependable, supernatural, and enduring character of valid love, clearly the two must be moved toward in an unexpected way, for their temperaments are not really comparable by any means.

Database Marketing Beginners Guide

Database Marketing Beginners Guide Today, almost everything has been digitized or automated. Problem-solvers develop systems that can address the issues at the root. In business, marketing is certainly one of the aspects that management pay a lot of attention to, also in terms of investments.Marketing is a very broad discipline, which is contrary to the general perception that it only covers matters regarding advertising and executing a product or service campaign. It starts way before that, from the time that the business identifies its market and its target consumers. The amount of data to be gathered is voluminous â€" particularly since we are talking about data on the consumers of the company â€" which means there is a danger of getting the wrong information if it is not handled properly.In order to setup and utilize this data effectively, companies use  database marketing. © Shutterstock.com | Max GriboedovIn this article, youll learn about 1) database marketing and its function, 2) the different types of database marketing, 3) how database marketing works, and 4) the challenges and limitations of database marketing.DATABASE MARKETING AND ITS FUNCTIONDatabase marketing refers to “the systematic approach to the gathering, consolidation and processing of all relevant consumer data that is maintained in the existing databases of the company.”The concept of maintaining databases for consumer data is no longer new, since businesses have been doing it for a long time. However, it was only recently, when the amount of consumer data has multiplied, that organizations saw a need to adapt another approach to keep up with the ever-increasing bulk of information.And it is not just the increasing amount of data that has spurred the rise of database marketing. Industries, and even marketing itself, has become increasingly competitive. Media has also evolved in such a way that traditional media is no longer sufficient to keep up with its advancement. Sales channels have also become very crowded.Even the way that business transactions are conducted has also evolved. New methods of purchasing, shopping and payment have been introduced, and the whole purchasing process has sped up. Customers also take a shorter time to make their buying decisions. To this end, database marketing has become very important.Database marketing is especially equipped to handle these huge amounts of data, and process them in a more advanced and sophisticated manner, often making use of automated systems referred to as database management systems, or a DBMS. Traditional marketing approaches involve gathering and consolidation of these consumer data, to be retrieved later on for marketing purposes. With the presence of a DBMS, the data, no matter how huge, is now stored and refined within an automated environment, and subsequently processed through the system’s fea tures or functionalities in the performance or implementation of the organization’s marketing efforts. The DBMS will also be used in the analysis of the data, and this is a feature that is not in the traditional form of direct marketing.It is for this reason that database marketing was also defined as an approach where activities related to communication, promotions, advertising and selling, are based on a DBMS. The data that is generated from the routine selling and marketing activities of the organization is subsequently stored in the DBMS. The DBMS will then refine and process these data for future decision-making.From the above definitions of database marketing, we can now infer its main function, which is as a form of direct marketing to generate communications that are personalized or customized, and are effective in promoting a product or service that the company offers. Since the communications have been personalized for the consumers, the relevancy and interest in the off ered product or service will be higher.TYPES OF DATABASE MARKETINGWe can categorize database marketing into two general types: consumer database marketing and business database marketing. Obviously, what makes them different is their target group; the first one is on consumer data, while the second is concerned with business data.Consumer database marketingThis type of database marketing is mainly designed for companies that are business-to-consumer (B2C), or sell directly to consumers. This calls for tighter security measures in place, particularly with respect to the privacy of the consumers whose data are stored in the database. As a result, many privacy laws apply to these consumer databases.The customer information used in customer database marketing covers information about existing and prospective customers and, aside from name, address, transaction history and demographics, it also often includes the history of communications made between the company and the consumer. Data i s often obtained directly from the consumers, or through third-part data compiling companies.Business database marketingThis type is geared primarily towards business-to-business, or B2B, marketers. Unlike consumer databases, the information contained or stored in business databases are much more advanced, although they are often subject to less restrictions and privacy limitations as the former. They are also not as voluminous as the data involved in consumer database marketing.This is partly one of the reasons why business data marketing is seen to be more limited than consumer database marketing. Data input is often derived from the company’s own sales and marketing departments and, often, through direct interactions with customers. There are also third-party businesses that compiled data for B2B marketers.HOW DATABASE MARKETING WORKSUsually a marketing database includes the following:Names, addresses and other key demographic information about consumersTransaction history, con taining details obtained from delivery or sales systems used by the businessWe can get a better look at the process by following the four stages of database marketing:Stage 1: Data CollectionSources of the information stored in the database are varied, from other systems used by the business to independent data-gathering third-party companies or bodies that provide or sell the information they have compiled. They may also be directly provided by consumers, through lead generation activities including filling up surveys and forms, such as subscription forms.The data that will be collected and stored in the shared marketing database may be obtained through the following:Advertising and public relations efforts of the companyDirect mails sent from the company to its targeted consumersInside and field sales, or actual transactions between the customers and the companyCustomer service representativesTelemarketing and sales promotions conducted by the companyWebsite usageThere are third-p arty companies that sell data to companies that need them for marketing purposes. In other cases, other businesses that compile transaction histories of their own may also share (or even sell) these data to other businesses. Of course, these are subject to privacy laws and regulations, depending on where they are located and what laws govern them.We have identified the three main types of data that are collected for purposes of data marketing. But we can further identify the other types of data that are considered relevant for exactly this purpose.Appended Data, or data that are appended to the names and demographics details of the consumers or businesses being targeted. Examples of appended data include income, purchasing preferences, and credit history. It would largely depend on the market or niche that the business operates in. A company that sells automobiles will consider the following appended data: the current value of the customer’s car and the number of years of ownershi p and usage of the car. A realty company will also look into a client’s length of residence in his current home as well as the number of people in the household. These data will provide a more in-depth look into the consumers.Website Data, or information from websites that make use of cookies and other tools to gather their own data from visitors to their website. People are more familiar with the concept of internet marketing, and this is exactly that: making use of website statistics to get to know their website visitors or customers.Email Marketing Data, or information obtained from email communications and subsequent tracking and follow-up of these communications. The most common methods of gathering this information are email surveys and customer reply forms. Shipping documents are also useful since they contain tracking numbers that will be of use for marketers.One of the biggest risks when it comes to data collection is duplication of data. The database marketing team must see to it that this does not happen, in order to avoid redundancy of information and, obviously, incurring higher costs in data gathering. The business might end up purchasing data from a third-party data compiler when they already have that data to begin with.The data must also be up-to-date, because they will not be relevant if they are no longer applicable in the current period. While it is true that some information may still be useful even if they are of a historical nature, they are mostly used for purposes of comparison. Updated and new data is still the most relevant when it comes to marketing.Businesses maintain their own data warehouse, where all the data gathered will be stored and managed. Part of its function is to keep data updated when necessary. You can say that it serves as the data headquarters, where the data will be managed and disseminated to the branches or departments that need it.Stage 2: Turning Data into KnowledgeAfter the data has been gathered, the next p hase would be analysis of the data into information that can be used for the company’s marketing efforts. Again, this will be through the DBMS, which will then generate communications that will be delivered to the consumers. Statistical techniques will be used on these data, in order to develop models of consumer behavior. From the developed models, it will be easier to make a selection of the customers or consumers who will be targeted for communications. Normally, selection of the customers involves conducting customer segmentation, since this will make it easier to decide what forms of communication to send which group of customers.Stage 3: Delivery of CommunicationsNow it is time to send the reminders, updates, promotions and other marketing communications to the customers.The communication methods used are the same as with traditional direct marketing. Usually, the delivery is done electronically, through e-mail. Basically, those e-mails that arrive in your inbox, are the com munications generated by database marketing teams of a company. If those communications are deemed to be unwanted, they are what are referred to as junk mail, and will likely be delivered to your spam folder.Part of database marketing is also coming up with a schedule when to send these reminders. Customers are easily turned off when companies flood their inboxes with too much communication, while customers also tend to forget the businesses that send updates only every three months or so. Based on the data, you will be able to tell the most reasonable frequency of sending communications to customers.Stage 4: Developing and Evolving Business StrategiesDatabase marketing is not just about creating lists for targeting in a business’ direct communications for marketing purposes. It is actually bigger than that. It does not stop when you were able to send the communications to your customers and were able to translate them into actual sales and revenues for your company.The informatio n that was used will still undergo deeper analysis so management can come up with business strategies targeted for the long-term. Databases play a crucial role in forecasting, which is one of the elements of business decision-making. Customer retention and loyalty, and establishing business reputation, for instance, will benefit from the usage of the data gathered, analyzed, and utilized in communicating with the customers. In the end, it is not just for marketing purposes, but for the overall growth and development of the business.CHALLENGES AND LIMITATIONS OF DATABASE MARKETINGDatabase marketing is not without its limiting factors. As much as all businesses would want it to be smooth-sailing, there are still challenges and issues that it must contend with from time to time.No uniformity in application. One thing that businesses must understand and accept is that database marketing is not a “one-size-fits-all” application. Just as businesses have varied database marketing syste m designs, their approach in database marketing may also vary, and that depends mainly on the actual needs of the business, as well as its objectives.Tools and technologies availability. An effective database marketing system also relies a lot on the tools or platform used. If the business fails to find one, or to create its own, the operation of the system may not be as expected.Huge investment. Maintaining a database marketing system costs money â€" lots of it. The business must be willing to make a huge investment in this aspect. We are, after all, talking here about technologies, manpower, and even outside or external collaborations or partnerships in gathering or compiling data and even communicating with consumers.Limitation of targeted audience. The most responsive customers when it comes to the use of database marketing are those who are actively participating in the data-gathering collection techniques, such as those who subscribe to mailing lists, fill out surveys and appl ication forms, and who entertain telemarketing and similar promotional tools. Businesses who have a target market that is comprised of consumers who make use of the internet and those who do not, for example, cannot expect to reach all their customers through the use of database marketing. They are only likely to send out communications to the first group â€" the one who uses the internet in their transactions â€" and not the non-Internet users.In the end, database marketing will only be effective if the following conditions are met:If the data or information are accurate and up-to-dateIf the correct analytics or statistical methods are used for analysisIf the software network and the level of connectivity being utilized is also effectiveData is the starting point of database marketing, so that remains to be the key point. Everything starts with data, whether it is the right data and subsequently used properly.

Women s Rights Are Human Rights - 991 Words

This September is the 20th anniversary of a speech made by former US Secretary of State, Hilary Clinton. In the speech, Clinton made the famous remark, â€Å"Women’s rights are human rights†. Since the speech, focus on gender equality has increased, especially in the workplace. Yet, some industries, like private equity, continue to have problem in attracting women. Private equity firms have become increasingly aware of the need to get more women involved. But how big is the problem and are new perks the way to go? Women in Private Equity Preqin’s latest research in March didn’t paint a very rosy picture. The research showed that private equity industry as a whole has a woman in charge of just 11.7% of leadership positions. In terms of different sectors within the industry, buyout firms are doing the worst. Only 10.5% of senior positions have a woman in charge, while the proportion is 14.0% in infrastructure, for example. Furthermore, in small private equity firms the situation tends to be worse. Women make only 9.7% of senior positions in firms with five or fewer such senior employees. In large firms, firms with over 20 high-level management positions, 13.9% of senior positions are held by women. The more positive news was that the situation is changing. Venture capital firms, for example, managed to increase the share of female senior employees from just 11.2% in 2013 to 14.8% in 2015. In fact, proportion of women in senior positions has increased across sectors. InShow MoreRelatedHuman Rights And Women s Rights1129 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom this conference, let it be that human rights are women’s rights and women’s rights are human rights once and for all.† On September 5, 1995, 180 countries came together in Beijing China to hear first lady Hillary Clinton s speech about women s rights. This speech was the United Nations Fourth World Conference of Women. The target audience for this speech is governments and other organizations that can help meet the goal of making women s rights human rights. She addressed problems that everyRead MoreWomen s Rights As Human Rights Essay5715 Words   |  23 PagesWOMEN’S RIGHTS AS HUMAN RIGHTS ABSTRACT The Constitution of India is imbued with the spirit of promoting and protecting the human rights of its constituents. But, merely incorporating a comprehensive bill of rights will not deliver the goods. And, although Article 32 of the Constitution assures an individual the right to move the Supreme Court of India for the enforcement of his/her rights, other constraints (like court fees, large back log of pending cases, and the intricacies of legal proceduresRead MoreWomen s Rights : Human Rights1909 Words   |  8 PagesProfessor Blajovec Woman’s rights are Human rights No country in the world has achieved complete gender equality just yet. Though some places are further along than others, some are still so far from the finish line that it’s not even in sight. For years, women around the world have been fighting for a stronger voice, and to be respected just as much as the man standing next to them. Despite increased awareness and mobilization at the local and international levels, women and girls in conflict continueRead MoreHuman Rights And Women s Rights955 Words   |  4 Pages Over the past few centuries, human rights have evolved all around the world. The main purpose of human rights are to protect people and promote happiness. At one point in history women did not work outside of the home or even have the right to vote. This day in age, women have more rights, but society still finds ways to discriminate against them and limit their rights. In third world countries women are also treated as inferior because of their appearance, race, and religion. Everyday in thirdRead MoreHuman Rights And Women s Rights880 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rights abuse is the breakthrough for countless altered nations in the 20th century. Citizens from every country privileges were abused, they dealt with violence and strived for independence. Being denied freedom in their country! Many different people with power who established the law in terms of what many thought was the best for the people brought it out. A big major issue was women’s rights that were and still are examined as lower to men. Years after of plenty of hard work and battlingRead MoreDiscrimination Against Women s Human Rights1005 Words   |  5 PagesOne’s Human Rights Prompt: Why has it been difficult for indigenous peoples to claim human rights? Was it equally hard to establish women’s human rights to freedom from violence? Consider a series of factors such as the nature of their rights claims and the political context within which these claims were made in discussing the similarities and differences between these two cases and the process through which they became defined as human rights. The idea that indigenous people have rights is relativelyRead MoreWomen Of The United States And The World Is Violating A Person s Human Rights1364 Words   |  6 PagesStates and the world was and still is violating a person’s human rights. For century’s women, African Americans, gays, and lesbians were the grunt of such unfair treatment. Men thought a women place was in the home, cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the kids. Whites thought that black people did not deserve any rights because of their skin color. People where against gays and lesbians because of their sexual preference. In some countries women are not allowed to work. In India a great part of theRead MoreAnalysis Of Mary H. Cooper s Article, Women And Human Rights1236 Words   |  5 Pagesconflicts around the world, many women and girls are left with physical scars and emotional anguish that serve as a reminder of the agony they experienced when receiving violent punishments. These acts of violenc e, which are viewed as an infringement of their human rights, are given as social punishments for, seemingly, minor infractions. This, unfortunately, is the circumstance many women face, as described by author Mary H. Cooper in the article, â€Å"Women and Human Rights†. The author’s purpose is toRead MoreMary Prince s A Vindication Of The Rights Of Women : Slaves As Human Beings Or Animals?2119 Words   |  9 PagesCatherine Vo 1203565 Dr. Grace Kehler ENGLISH 3M06 05 November 2014 Mary Prince’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women: Slaves as Human Beings or Animals? Throughout Mary Prince s narrative, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, it is clearly evident that the brutal treatment from Prince s mistresses, which she inflicts upon her slaves, is a common occurrence. Through her perspective, she tells the readers about the harsh treatment she receives from both her masters and mistresses. By doing soRead MoreWomen s Education : An International Human Right Without Any Discrimination Based On Sex895 Words   |  4 PagesWomen`s education is an international human right without any discrimination based on sex or gender. It is necessary for identity social development and a means for a prosperous life. Constantly, the United Nations emphasized women`s education and set goals for its success with gender equality. Empowering women`s education is an essential element in growing societies that seek democracy and economic advancement. For the last decade, Palestinian women education had been the concern for several reasons

Conflicts in Romantic Relationships - 2775 Words

CONFLICT IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS As long as people have gotten romantically involved with one another, there has been conflict within those relationships. Some people argue that conflict is bad for the relationship and will ultimately lead to the demise of that relationship. Others argue that the conflict is good for the relationship and will help it to flourish. Conflict can be both positive and negative for a relationship. It can both help and hinder the relationship. No matter what stage the relationship is in and whether or not the relationship is being helped or hurt, conflict is always happening in different contexts. Conflict is also caused by numerous reasons. These reasons include a lack of interpersonal†¦show more content†¦According to the Abusive Behavior Inventory, (Shephard and Campbell, 1992 shown in Neufield, McNamara, Ertl 1999) the instance of abuse with a high number of partners went up significannot ly in all aspects of the definition. However it seemed that the highest level of abuse occurred psychologically. The ABI also indicated that 5% of undergraduate females had over seven sexual partners in a six-month period. This group showed the highest incidence of abuse within those relationships. It seems to me that any people who expose themselves to a high number such as this are going to put themselves in a situation where the abuse would be expected, to an outside observer. P3- High levels of insecurity cause high levels of dependency on romantic relationships. Dependency is defined as the reliance of an individual on another person for the satisfaction of his/her needs. (Attridge, Berscheid, Sprecher, 1998). In this case, insecurity can be defined as relational meaning a person will have doubts and uncertainties about the relationship that he/she is in. Insecurity is a sign that a person is lacking a perceived need in their life. Insecurity would then be the counterpart of dependency as w person would be lacking something therefore depending on something else. This is explained as Theory views the degree to which a person is dependent on a specific relationship as a function, not only of the number andShow MoreRelatedConflict in Romantic Relationship1710 Words   |  7 PagesGeorgia Perimeter Conflict in romantic relationship Conflicts in romantic relationship Conflicts occur in our relationship when we find dissimilarities in our opinion. It is very natural that disagreements come to the relationships, and conflicts occur. There are no interpersonal relationships without conflicts (Wood 230). Conflicts may also come in romantic relationships. Now, what is romantic relationship? 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Others argue that the conflict is good for the relationship and will help it to flourish. Conflict can be both positive and negative for a relationship. It can both help and hinder the relationship. No matter what stage the relationship is in and whether or not the relationship is being helped or hurt, conflict is always happeningRea d MoreLevels Of Life Satisfaction / Well Being Are Measured Under Different Manipulative Conditions923 Words   |  4 Pagesavoidance social goals and approach social goals, with different relationship status as affecting variables. An association claim was made while looking at the correlation between different romantic relationship status participants with avoidance or approach social goals and their life satisfaction/well-being. Prior research indicates that all individuals experience more life satisfaction when they are involved in a romantic relationship, but current research rejects this idea because individuals withRead MoreAdolescence And Young Adulthood : Young Relationships And Delinquency1436 Words   |  6 PagesWithin current culture, it is easy to assume that young relationships are innocent and do not enable any issues in the adolescents cognitive or physical development. The main concern of Ming Cui et al. is that dating in early adolescence can impede developmenta l adjustment (Serafini Rye Drysdale, 2013, pg. 253). The reason for this concern is that there is more research showing that there is an association between romantic relationships and delinquency in adolescence and young adulthood (SerafiniRead MoreThe Perception of Love in Romantic Films955 Words   |  4 PagesWeve all seen them, those cheesy romantic comedies where two (beautiful) strangers meet and fall in love. They run into some sort of conflict and eventually find a way back to each other in the end. Although that seems like a harmless concept, that kind of love results in unrealistic expectations of what a life partner should be, unrealistic expectations of what the ideal woman or man should look like and unrealistic expectations of what constitutes healthy conflict resolution. The majority of womenRead MoreThe Divorce Of The Institution And Commitment922 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy relationships, there are several those are not. What is the cause of the progressing down in the institution and commitment? The desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens, in marriage and developing romantic relationships? Researchers are explaining that answer is very simple†¦. Communication. Communication scholar Mark Knapp and social psychologist and martial therapist John Gottam have turned to studying couples through all stages of their relationship, whetherRead MoreThe Divorce And Its Effects On The Institution And Commitment Essay907 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy relationships, there are several those are not. What is the cause of the progressing down in the institution and commitment? The desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens, in marriage and developing romantic relationships? Researchers are explaining that answer is very simple†¦. Communication. Communication scholar Mark Knapp and social psychologist and martial therapist John Gottam have turned to studying couples through all stages of their relationship, whetherRead MoreRelationship Satisfaction Is An Important Part Of Romantic Relationships1295 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship satisfaction is an important part of romantic relationships. A lack of satisfaction can lead to consequences in other areas of life and eventually, the destruction of the relationship. For example, job performance is heavily influenced by romantic relationship satisfaction. In a study by Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), they argued that poor satisfaction leads to poor job performance and vice versa. They stated this was to because these two spheres are â€Å"interdependent.† Satisfaction canRead MoreEffects Of Social Networking Sites On Relationships1528 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Social Networking Sites on Relationships Several studies have found that using social networking sites excessively, including partner surveillance and monitoring, posting ambiguous information, and compulsive internet use, can be detrimental to romantic relationships (Ridgway Clayton, 2016). Social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, negatively influence our relationships. It is important to know the common conflicts and how to avoid them. It is also important

Capital Structure Theories Free Essays

The following scenario relates to Q46-50. A meeting was conducted by the board of directors of Brocade Co to discuss the balance of equity debt financing. The following statements were made by the directors: Director A: We should keep our weighted average cost of capital at the lowest by keeping the optimum balance of gearing. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Structure Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now Director B: The Company is placed in a perfect market no need to consider the balance of equity debt. Director C: We should finance the whole operations using only debt sources of finance to gain tax reliefs. Director D: We should choose debt or equity sources of financing only if retained profits are insufficient or unavailable. Q46. Which director seems to support Pecking order theory? (MCQ) Director A Director B Director C Director D (2 marks) Q47. Director A’s statement is applying which theory? (MCQ) Traditional Theory M;M Theory 1958 Pecking Order Theory M;M Theory 1963 tax (2 marks) Q48. Which of the following directors seems to have a risk of tax exhaustion? (MCQ) Director A Director B Director C Director D (2 marks) Q49. Which of the following director thinks to offset the increased cost of equity with benefit gained on debt? (MCQ) Director A Director B Director C Director D (2 marks) Q50. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (MCQ) Equity financing is costly as compared to loans A bank is at low risk as they are secured by mortgages Cost of capital is decreased if the market value of the company rises The company receives no tax benefits (2 marks) WACC (BASIC) ; RISK ADJUSTED WACC The following scenario relates to Q51-55. Fasces’ Co is a listed company. It is wholly financed using equity its shares are bought by financial intermediaries. Recently, a finance director was replaced as the previous director was relocated to another country. The new director wants to apply capital asset pricing model to assess risk include stock market reactions. The finance director has done some research which is as follows: The Risk-free return 3% per annum The Return of government securities 12% per annum Hearses Co (Competitor) 0.8 Equity Beta Q51. Calculate the return on equity of Hearses Co? (MCQ) 3% 9.6% 10.2% 32% (2 marks) Q52. The annual return on equity is assumed to be 22%. Calculate the equity beta of Fasces’ Co? (MCQ) 2.1% 3.7% 17.6% 22% (2 marks) Q53. Which of the following statements are true? (MRQ) The beta of Fasces’ Co is indicating an unsystematic risk Fasces’ Co will like to obtain a return greater than the government securities The return obtained will be determined using unsystematic risk If Fasces’ Co share price increases, then equity beta will also increase (2 marks) Q54. Fasces’ Co paid an interim dividend of 35c/share. The share price increase by 20% to $5.4/share. What is the total shareholder return (to the nearest %)? (FIB) 596901651000% (2 marks) Q55. Fasces’ Co is a garment business. Which of the following circumstances will the company use its own WACC? (MCQ) Buying its competitor’s business Buying a shoe manufacturer Buying a retailer shop Buying a supermarket (2 marks) The following scenario relates to Q56-60. Gruber Co is stock exchange listed company has issued 100 million shares in the market. The current share price is $2.65/share. Gruber Co also issued bonds having a book value of $60 million. The current market price is $104/$100 bonds. The cost of debt for the company is 9% with paying a corporation tax of 30%. The dividends have been paid as follows: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 DPS ($) 0.19 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.32 Q56. Calculate the cost of equity of Gruber Co? (MCQ) 13.9% 15.4% 27.6% 29.1% (2 marks) Q57. Calculate the WACC? (MCQ) 9% 11% 17.9% 24% (2 marks) Q58. The company is issuing bonds worth $40 million at par. These would pay an interest before tax of 8% ; will be redeemed at 5 % premium after ten years. Calculate the cost of debt? (MCQ) 5% 6.17% 10.45% 11% (2 marks) Q59. The market value of equity is $250 ; the cost is 13%. The cost of debt is 9% ; the market value is $50. Calculate the WACC including the information of Q58? (MCQ) 8.2% 10.9% 11.6% 12.3% (2 marks) Q60. Which of the following factors would likely affect the market value of a bond? (MRQ) The frequency of interest payments The redemption value of the bond The time duration of repayment The amount of interest repayable (2 marks) The following scenario relates to Q61-65. Nastic Co has in issue ten million ordinary shares each having a current market value of $7.5. The company has 7% bonds at par value. The bonds are redeemable in seven years at par. The bonds are currently trading at $112/bond. The total nominal value sits at $14,000,000. Nastic Co equity beta is 0.7. The risk-free rate is 5% per annum ; average return in the market is 13% per annum. Nastic Co wants to diversify his business opportunities ; are thinking to invest in the same industry. A potential company has been seen bidding for Bracey Co. Its equity to debt ratio in the market is 75% to 25%. The equity beta is 1.6. Both companies are subject to pay a corporation tax of 20% Q61. Calculate the cost of debt? (MCQ) 3.29% 4.27% 9.1% 10.3% (2 marks) Q62. Cost of the equity of 11% is assumed. What will be the weighted cost of capital? (MCQ) 3.8% 5.21% 8.24% 9.7% (2 marks) Q63. Calculate the risk-adjusted beta? (MCQ) 1.2 Beta 1.37 Beta 1.74 Beta 2.1 Beta (2 marks) Q64. Calculate the risk-adjusted cost of equity? (FIB) 596901968500% (2 marks) Q65. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of CAPM? (MCQ) Differentiation in capital gains ; dividends are ignored The return of the market is incorporated It assumes that all shareholders are diversified Beta factors might be inaccurate (2 marks) ANSWERS Q46. D Q47. A Q48. C Q49. B Q50. D The company receives a tax benefit on their interest payments. Q51. C Use CAPM formulae Ke = 3 + (12 – 3) 0.8 = 10.2% Q52. A Use CAPM formulae Ke = 3 + (12 – 3) X = 22 X = 2.1% Q53. The beta of Fasces’ Co is indicating an unsystematic risk (False) Fasces’ Co will like to obtain a return greater than the government securities (True) The return obtained will be determined using unsystematic risk (False) If Fasces’ Co share price increases, then equity beta will also increase (True) The equity beta measures the changes in the return of share price. The return will be determined by using systematic risk as unsystematic risk is diversifiable. Q54. 28% Total shareholder return = [(5.4 – 4.5) + 0.35] à · 4.5 =0.2777 0.2777 Ãâ€" 100 = 27.7% Q55. A An investing company can use its own WACC only when its business risk financial risk remains same. In the case of buying its competitor, its business risk financial risk will remain same. All other option will change the business risk and will have to use risk-adjusted WACC. Q56. C g = [(0.32 à · 0.19) 1 à · (5-1) – 1] Ãâ€" 100 = 13.9% D1 = (0.32 Ãâ€" (1 + 13.9%) = 0.364 Ke = [(0.364 à · 2.65) + 13.9%] Ãâ€" 100 = 27.6% Q57. D ($m) ($m) Equity 100 Ãâ€" 2.65 265 Ãâ€" 27.6% 73.14 Debt (60 à · 100) Ãâ€" 104 62.4 Ãâ€"9% 5.616 Total 327.4 78.756 WACC = (78.756 à · 327.4) Ãâ€" 100 = 24% Q58. B Year Cash flow ($) DF (5%) Present value ($) DF (10%) Present Value ($) MV/Bond 0 (100) 1 (100) 1 (100) Interest 1-10 5.6 7.72 43.23 6.14 34.38 Redeem 10 105 0.614 64.47 0.386 40.53 NPV 7.7 (25.09) Redemption= 100 Ãâ€" 105% = 105 IRR = 5 + [7.7 à · (7.7 – (-25.09)] Ãâ€" (10 – 5) = 6.17% Q59. C ($m) ($m) Equity 250 250 Ãâ€" 13% 32.5 Debt 50 50 Ãâ€" 9% 4.5 Debt (Bonds) (40 à · 100) Ãâ€" 100 40 Ãâ€" 6.17% 2.468 Total 340 39.468 WACC = (39.468 à · 340) Ãâ€" 100 = 11.6% Q60. All options are correct. Q61. A Year Cash flow ($) DF (5%) Present value ($) DF (10%) Present Value ($) MV/Bond 0 (112) 1 (112) 1 (112) Interest 1-7 5.6 5.786 32.4 4.868 27.3 Redeem 7 100 0.711 71.1 0.513 51.3 NPV (8.5) (33.4) IRR = 5 + [-8.5 à · (-8.5 – (-33.4)] Ãâ€" (10 – 5) = 3.29% Q62. D ($m) ($m) Equity 10 Ãâ€" 7.5 75 Ãâ€" 11% 8.25 Debt (14 à · 100) Ãâ€" 112 15.68 Ãâ€"3.29% 0.516 Total 90.68 8.766 WACC = (8.766 à · 90.68) Ãâ€" 100 = 9.7% Q63. C Ba = [75 à · (75 + 15.68 Ãâ€" {1-20%})] Ãâ€" 1.6 = 1.37 1.37 = [75 à · (75 + 25 Ãâ€" {1-20%})] Ãâ€" BeBe = 1.74 Q64. 18.92% Ke = 5 + (13-5) Ãâ€" (1.74) = 18.92% Q65. B How to cite Capital Structure Theories, Papers

My Dialogue Essays - Thank You Very Much, Dialogue In Writing

My Dialogue ELAINE: Thank you very much. GEORGE: [walks in and closes the door] Hey, what's goin' on? ELAINE: I just bought Jerry's couch for $50 dollars. JERRY: [to George] So did you bring the lease? [George takes the lease from his inside pocket and hands it to Jerry] All right, ghee, three years, that kinda seems like a long time. GEORGE: Oh, Jerry Jerry Jerry Jerry Jerry [said very quickly], listen, if, if you are feeling uncomfortable about this at all, at all: do not feel like you have to take it. JERRY: Why? GEORGE: If you're having second thoughts, if you didn't want it, don't worry about it because uh, ya know, I, I...I could take it, ya know. [said with a for-instance-look on his face] JERRY: You could take it? You want it? GEORGE: No, I don't want it. I want it, if you don't want it. JERRY: So you do want it. GEORGE: No I, I want it if you don't want it! JERRY: You just said, you wanted it! GEORGE: No, I'm saying, if a situation arose in which you didn't want it, I might take it. JERRY: [picks up the lease and hands it to George] So take it. GEORGE: [refuses to take the lease from Jerry; Elaine looks worried] How can I take it?! JERRY: How can I take it? GEORGE: It's your apartment! JERRY: How can I want it now, if you want it? ELAINE: Excuse me, uuhh, I don't mean to cause any trouble here, but George, if you take it, can I take your place? GEORGE: Yes, but I am not taking it. JERRY: I...am not taking it. [drops the lease demonstratively] ELAINE: Well, one of you better damn well take it! Philosophy Essays