Conflicts in Romantic Relationships - 2775 Words

CONFLICT IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS As long as people have gotten romantically involved with one another, there has been conflict within those relationships. Some people argue that conflict is bad for the relationship and will ultimately lead to the demise of that relationship. Others argue that the conflict is good for the relationship and will help it to flourish. Conflict can be both positive and negative for a relationship. It can both help and hinder the relationship. No matter what stage the relationship is in and whether or not the relationship is being helped or hurt, conflict is always happening in different contexts. Conflict is also caused by numerous reasons. These reasons include a lack of interpersonal†¦show more content†¦According to the Abusive Behavior Inventory, (Shephard and Campbell, 1992 shown in Neufield, McNamara, Ertl 1999) the instance of abuse with a high number of partners went up significannot ly in all aspects of the definition. However it seemed that the highest level of abuse occurred psychologically. The ABI also indicated that 5% of undergraduate females had over seven sexual partners in a six-month period. This group showed the highest incidence of abuse within those relationships. It seems to me that any people who expose themselves to a high number such as this are going to put themselves in a situation where the abuse would be expected, to an outside observer. P3- High levels of insecurity cause high levels of dependency on romantic relationships. Dependency is defined as the reliance of an individual on another person for the satisfaction of his/her needs. (Attridge, Berscheid, Sprecher, 1998). In this case, insecurity can be defined as relational meaning a person will have doubts and uncertainties about the relationship that he/she is in. Insecurity is a sign that a person is lacking a perceived need in their life. Insecurity would then be the counterpart of dependency as w person would be lacking something therefore depending on something else. This is explained as Theory views the degree to which a person is dependent on a specific relationship as a function, not only of the number andShow MoreRelatedConflict in Romantic Relationship1710 Words   |  7 PagesGeorgia Perimeter Conflict in romantic relationship Conflicts in romantic relationship Conflicts occur in our relationship when we find dissimilarities in our opinion. It is very natural that disagreements come to the relationships, and conflicts occur. There are no interpersonal relationships without conflicts (Wood 230). Conflicts may also come in romantic relationships. Now, what is romantic relationship? As Wood says, self-concept, proximity, and similarity are the three main thingsRead MoreInvestment And Conflict Of Romantic Relationships3312 Words   |  14 Pages Investment and Conflict in Romantic Relationships Com 620 Mark Pace and Bo Zhang â€Æ' Investment Model The theory of relationship investment is an effort to understand maintenance of ongoing relationships. This model is an expansion of Kelly and Thirbaut’s (1978) interdependence theory, which specifies that satisfaction is a function of the reward value of a relationship, relative to expectations, and that commitment stems from the superiority of a relationship, compared with viable alternativesRead MoreEssay about Conflicts In Romantic Relationships2730 Words   |  11 Pagesthere has been conflict within those relationships. Some people argue that conflict is bad for the relationship and will ultimately lead to the demise of that relationship. Others argue that the conflict is good for the relationship and will help it to flourish. Conflict can be both positive and negative for a relationship. It can both help and hinder the relationship. No matter what stage the relationship is in and whether or not the relationship is being helped or hurt, conflict is always happeningRea d MoreLevels Of Life Satisfaction / Well Being Are Measured Under Different Manipulative Conditions923 Words   |  4 Pagesavoidance social goals and approach social goals, with different relationship status as affecting variables. An association claim was made while looking at the correlation between different romantic relationship status participants with avoidance or approach social goals and their life satisfaction/well-being. Prior research indicates that all individuals experience more life satisfaction when they are involved in a romantic relationship, but current research rejects this idea because individuals withRead MoreAdolescence And Young Adulthood : Young Relationships And Delinquency1436 Words   |  6 PagesWithin current culture, it is easy to assume that young relationships are innocent and do not enable any issues in the adolescents cognitive or physical development. The main concern of Ming Cui et al. is that dating in early adolescence can impede developmenta l adjustment (Serafini Rye Drysdale, 2013, pg. 253). The reason for this concern is that there is more research showing that there is an association between romantic relationships and delinquency in adolescence and young adulthood (SerafiniRead MoreThe Perception of Love in Romantic Films955 Words   |  4 PagesWeve all seen them, those cheesy romantic comedies where two (beautiful) strangers meet and fall in love. They run into some sort of conflict and eventually find a way back to each other in the end. Although that seems like a harmless concept, that kind of love results in unrealistic expectations of what a life partner should be, unrealistic expectations of what the ideal woman or man should look like and unrealistic expectations of what constitutes healthy conflict resolution. The majority of womenRead MoreThe Divorce Of The Institution And Commitment922 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy relationships, there are several those are not. What is the cause of the progressing down in the institution and commitment? The desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens, in marriage and developing romantic relationships? Researchers are explaining that answer is very simple†¦. Communication. Communication scholar Mark Knapp and social psychologist and martial therapist John Gottam have turned to studying couples through all stages of their relationship, whetherRead MoreThe Divorce And Its Effects On The Institution And Commitment Essay907 Words   |  4 Pageshealthy relationships, there are several those are not. What is the cause of the progressing down in the institution and commitment? The desire to stay in a relationship no matter what happens, in marriage and developing romantic relationships? Researchers are explaining that answer is very simple†¦. Communication. Communication scholar Mark Knapp and social psychologist and martial therapist John Gottam have turned to studying couples through all stages of their relationship, whetherRead MoreRelationship Satisfaction Is An Important Part Of Romantic Relationships1295 Words   |  6 PagesRelationship satisfaction is an important part of romantic relationships. A lack of satisfaction can lead to consequences in other areas of life and eventually, the destruction of the relationship. For example, job performance is heavily influenced by romantic relationship satisfaction. In a study by Greenhaus and Beutell (1985), they argued that poor satisfaction leads to poor job performance and vice versa. They stated this was to because these two spheres are â€Å"interdependent.† Satisfaction canRead MoreEffects Of Social Networking Sites On Relationships1528 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Social Networking Sites on Relationships Several studies have found that using social networking sites excessively, including partner surveillance and monitoring, posting ambiguous information, and compulsive internet use, can be detrimental to romantic relationships (Ridgway Clayton, 2016). Social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, negatively influence our relationships. It is important to know the common conflicts and how to avoid them. It is also important

Capital Structure Theories Free Essays

The following scenario relates to Q46-50. A meeting was conducted by the board of directors of Brocade Co to discuss the balance of equity debt financing. The following statements were made by the directors: Director A: We should keep our weighted average cost of capital at the lowest by keeping the optimum balance of gearing. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Structure Theories or any similar topic only for you Order Now Director B: The Company is placed in a perfect market no need to consider the balance of equity debt. Director C: We should finance the whole operations using only debt sources of finance to gain tax reliefs. Director D: We should choose debt or equity sources of financing only if retained profits are insufficient or unavailable. Q46. Which director seems to support Pecking order theory? (MCQ) Director A Director B Director C Director D (2 marks) Q47. Director A’s statement is applying which theory? (MCQ) Traditional Theory M;M Theory 1958 Pecking Order Theory M;M Theory 1963 tax (2 marks) Q48. Which of the following directors seems to have a risk of tax exhaustion? (MCQ) Director A Director B Director C Director D (2 marks) Q49. Which of the following director thinks to offset the increased cost of equity with benefit gained on debt? (MCQ) Director A Director B Director C Director D (2 marks) Q50. Which of the following statements is incorrect? (MCQ) Equity financing is costly as compared to loans A bank is at low risk as they are secured by mortgages Cost of capital is decreased if the market value of the company rises The company receives no tax benefits (2 marks) WACC (BASIC) ; RISK ADJUSTED WACC The following scenario relates to Q51-55. Fasces’ Co is a listed company. It is wholly financed using equity its shares are bought by financial intermediaries. Recently, a finance director was replaced as the previous director was relocated to another country. The new director wants to apply capital asset pricing model to assess risk include stock market reactions. The finance director has done some research which is as follows: The Risk-free return 3% per annum The Return of government securities 12% per annum Hearses Co (Competitor) 0.8 Equity Beta Q51. Calculate the return on equity of Hearses Co? (MCQ) 3% 9.6% 10.2% 32% (2 marks) Q52. The annual return on equity is assumed to be 22%. Calculate the equity beta of Fasces’ Co? (MCQ) 2.1% 3.7% 17.6% 22% (2 marks) Q53. Which of the following statements are true? (MRQ) The beta of Fasces’ Co is indicating an unsystematic risk Fasces’ Co will like to obtain a return greater than the government securities The return obtained will be determined using unsystematic risk If Fasces’ Co share price increases, then equity beta will also increase (2 marks) Q54. Fasces’ Co paid an interim dividend of 35c/share. The share price increase by 20% to $5.4/share. What is the total shareholder return (to the nearest %)? (FIB) 596901651000% (2 marks) Q55. Fasces’ Co is a garment business. Which of the following circumstances will the company use its own WACC? (MCQ) Buying its competitor’s business Buying a shoe manufacturer Buying a retailer shop Buying a supermarket (2 marks) The following scenario relates to Q56-60. Gruber Co is stock exchange listed company has issued 100 million shares in the market. The current share price is $2.65/share. Gruber Co also issued bonds having a book value of $60 million. The current market price is $104/$100 bonds. The cost of debt for the company is 9% with paying a corporation tax of 30%. The dividends have been paid as follows: Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 DPS ($) 0.19 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.32 Q56. Calculate the cost of equity of Gruber Co? (MCQ) 13.9% 15.4% 27.6% 29.1% (2 marks) Q57. Calculate the WACC? (MCQ) 9% 11% 17.9% 24% (2 marks) Q58. The company is issuing bonds worth $40 million at par. These would pay an interest before tax of 8% ; will be redeemed at 5 % premium after ten years. Calculate the cost of debt? (MCQ) 5% 6.17% 10.45% 11% (2 marks) Q59. The market value of equity is $250 ; the cost is 13%. The cost of debt is 9% ; the market value is $50. Calculate the WACC including the information of Q58? (MCQ) 8.2% 10.9% 11.6% 12.3% (2 marks) Q60. Which of the following factors would likely affect the market value of a bond? (MRQ) The frequency of interest payments The redemption value of the bond The time duration of repayment The amount of interest repayable (2 marks) The following scenario relates to Q61-65. Nastic Co has in issue ten million ordinary shares each having a current market value of $7.5. The company has 7% bonds at par value. The bonds are redeemable in seven years at par. The bonds are currently trading at $112/bond. The total nominal value sits at $14,000,000. Nastic Co equity beta is 0.7. The risk-free rate is 5% per annum ; average return in the market is 13% per annum. Nastic Co wants to diversify his business opportunities ; are thinking to invest in the same industry. A potential company has been seen bidding for Bracey Co. Its equity to debt ratio in the market is 75% to 25%. The equity beta is 1.6. Both companies are subject to pay a corporation tax of 20% Q61. Calculate the cost of debt? (MCQ) 3.29% 4.27% 9.1% 10.3% (2 marks) Q62. Cost of the equity of 11% is assumed. What will be the weighted cost of capital? (MCQ) 3.8% 5.21% 8.24% 9.7% (2 marks) Q63. Calculate the risk-adjusted beta? (MCQ) 1.2 Beta 1.37 Beta 1.74 Beta 2.1 Beta (2 marks) Q64. Calculate the risk-adjusted cost of equity? (FIB) 596901968500% (2 marks) Q65. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of CAPM? (MCQ) Differentiation in capital gains ; dividends are ignored The return of the market is incorporated It assumes that all shareholders are diversified Beta factors might be inaccurate (2 marks) ANSWERS Q46. D Q47. A Q48. C Q49. B Q50. D The company receives a tax benefit on their interest payments. Q51. C Use CAPM formulae Ke = 3 + (12 – 3) 0.8 = 10.2% Q52. A Use CAPM formulae Ke = 3 + (12 – 3) X = 22 X = 2.1% Q53. The beta of Fasces’ Co is indicating an unsystematic risk (False) Fasces’ Co will like to obtain a return greater than the government securities (True) The return obtained will be determined using unsystematic risk (False) If Fasces’ Co share price increases, then equity beta will also increase (True) The equity beta measures the changes in the return of share price. The return will be determined by using systematic risk as unsystematic risk is diversifiable. Q54. 28% Total shareholder return = [(5.4 – 4.5) + 0.35] à · 4.5 =0.2777 0.2777 Ãâ€" 100 = 27.7% Q55. A An investing company can use its own WACC only when its business risk financial risk remains same. In the case of buying its competitor, its business risk financial risk will remain same. All other option will change the business risk and will have to use risk-adjusted WACC. Q56. C g = [(0.32 à · 0.19) 1 à · (5-1) – 1] Ãâ€" 100 = 13.9% D1 = (0.32 Ãâ€" (1 + 13.9%) = 0.364 Ke = [(0.364 à · 2.65) + 13.9%] Ãâ€" 100 = 27.6% Q57. D ($m) ($m) Equity 100 Ãâ€" 2.65 265 Ãâ€" 27.6% 73.14 Debt (60 à · 100) Ãâ€" 104 62.4 Ãâ€"9% 5.616 Total 327.4 78.756 WACC = (78.756 à · 327.4) Ãâ€" 100 = 24% Q58. B Year Cash flow ($) DF (5%) Present value ($) DF (10%) Present Value ($) MV/Bond 0 (100) 1 (100) 1 (100) Interest 1-10 5.6 7.72 43.23 6.14 34.38 Redeem 10 105 0.614 64.47 0.386 40.53 NPV 7.7 (25.09) Redemption= 100 Ãâ€" 105% = 105 IRR = 5 + [7.7 à · (7.7 – (-25.09)] Ãâ€" (10 – 5) = 6.17% Q59. C ($m) ($m) Equity 250 250 Ãâ€" 13% 32.5 Debt 50 50 Ãâ€" 9% 4.5 Debt (Bonds) (40 à · 100) Ãâ€" 100 40 Ãâ€" 6.17% 2.468 Total 340 39.468 WACC = (39.468 à · 340) Ãâ€" 100 = 11.6% Q60. All options are correct. Q61. A Year Cash flow ($) DF (5%) Present value ($) DF (10%) Present Value ($) MV/Bond 0 (112) 1 (112) 1 (112) Interest 1-7 5.6 5.786 32.4 4.868 27.3 Redeem 7 100 0.711 71.1 0.513 51.3 NPV (8.5) (33.4) IRR = 5 + [-8.5 à · (-8.5 – (-33.4)] Ãâ€" (10 – 5) = 3.29% Q62. D ($m) ($m) Equity 10 Ãâ€" 7.5 75 Ãâ€" 11% 8.25 Debt (14 à · 100) Ãâ€" 112 15.68 Ãâ€"3.29% 0.516 Total 90.68 8.766 WACC = (8.766 à · 90.68) Ãâ€" 100 = 9.7% Q63. C Ba = [75 à · (75 + 15.68 Ãâ€" {1-20%})] Ãâ€" 1.6 = 1.37 1.37 = [75 à · (75 + 25 Ãâ€" {1-20%})] Ãâ€" BeBe = 1.74 Q64. 18.92% Ke = 5 + (13-5) Ãâ€" (1.74) = 18.92% Q65. B How to cite Capital Structure Theories, Papers

My Dialogue Essays - Thank You Very Much, Dialogue In Writing

My Dialogue ELAINE: Thank you very much. GEORGE: [walks in and closes the door] Hey, what's goin' on? ELAINE: I just bought Jerry's couch for $50 dollars. JERRY: [to George] So did you bring the lease? [George takes the lease from his inside pocket and hands it to Jerry] All right, ghee, three years, that kinda seems like a long time. GEORGE: Oh, Jerry Jerry Jerry Jerry Jerry [said very quickly], listen, if, if you are feeling uncomfortable about this at all, at all: do not feel like you have to take it. JERRY: Why? GEORGE: If you're having second thoughts, if you didn't want it, don't worry about it because uh, ya know, I, I...I could take it, ya know. [said with a for-instance-look on his face] JERRY: You could take it? You want it? GEORGE: No, I don't want it. I want it, if you don't want it. JERRY: So you do want it. GEORGE: No I, I want it if you don't want it! JERRY: You just said, you wanted it! GEORGE: No, I'm saying, if a situation arose in which you didn't want it, I might take it. JERRY: [picks up the lease and hands it to George] So take it. GEORGE: [refuses to take the lease from Jerry; Elaine looks worried] How can I take it?! JERRY: How can I take it? GEORGE: It's your apartment! JERRY: How can I want it now, if you want it? ELAINE: Excuse me, uuhh, I don't mean to cause any trouble here, but George, if you take it, can I take your place? GEORGE: Yes, but I am not taking it. JERRY: I...am not taking it. [drops the lease demonstratively] ELAINE: Well, one of you better damn well take it! Philosophy Essays

Critical Analysis on NIKE Essays

Critical Analysis on NIKE Essays Critical Analysis on NIKE Paper Critical Analysis on NIKE Paper Essay Topic: Op Ed History Nike began as Phil Knights semester-long project to develop a small business, which included a marketing plan. This project was part of Phil Knights MBA course at Stanford University in the early 1960s. Phil Knight had been a runner at the University of Oregon in the late 1950s. His idea for his project was to develop high quality running shoes. He thought that high quality/low cost products could be produced in Japan and then shipped to the United States to be sold at a profit. His professor thought that Knights idea was interesting, but not much more than a project. In 1963 Phil Knight went to Japan and had a meeting with a running shoe manufacturing company called Tiger. He told them that he was the representative of an American distributor that wanted to sell Tiger running shoes to runners in the United States. This was all very much a spur of the moment idea, and Knight quickly made up a name and called his company Blue Ribbon Sports. Knight started small, and he continued to work with Tigers until he reached over a million dollars in sales in the early 1970s. In 1971 came up with the name Nike along with the Swoosh trademark for his products. The winged goddess of victory from Greek mythology nspired both the name Nike and the Swoosh symbol. In the late 1970s Blue Ribbon Sports officially became Nike and increased its sales from $10,000,000 to $270,000,000. During the 1980s and 1990s the company and sales continued to grow. In 1996, Nike was named Marketer of the Year with sales at $6. 74 billion. Sales and profits have continued to grow over the years, but at what cost to those who work in Nikes factories worldwide? http://xroads. virginia. edu/†CLASS/ am483_97/proJects/hincker/nikhist. tml As far back as 1998, Nike was being criticized for the way their footwear was being produced. Remember that Phil Knight wanted to produce high quality footwear at a low cost. Michael Moores film The Big One brought to light Nikes overseas labor practices and raised many questions about Mr. Knight and his company. In his film, Michael Moore questioned the number of hours Nike factory workers were working, the amount they were being paid, and the age of some of the factory workers. As a result of the film, Nike felt compelled to raise the minimum age of their factory workers in factories. http://dogeatdog. ichaelmoore. com/nikerelease. html However, Michael Moores film did not bring an end to Nikes problems related to hild labor. In an article entitled Nike Admits to Mistakes over Child Labor by Steve Boggan, published on October 20, 2001 it says, Philip Knight, the company chairman, clearly stung by reports of children as young as 10 making shoes, clothing and footballs in Pakistan and Cambodia, attempted to convince Nikes critics that it had only ever employed children accidentally. Of all the issues facing Nike in workplace standards, child labor is the most vexing, he said in the report. Our age standards are the highest in the world: 18 for footwear manufacturing, 16 for apparel and equipment, or local standards whenever they are higher. But in some countries (Bangladesh and Pakistan, for example) those standards are next to impossible to verify, when records of birth do not exist or can be easily forged. http:// www. commondreams. org/headlinesol 11020-01. htm The article goes on to discuss a situation in 1995 when Nike thought it was producing footballs in a responsible factory with good conditions, only to discover that the work was being subcontracted to small villages and children were making the footballs. It is clear that historically there have been problems with working conditions in Nikes sweatshop factories as well as the use of child labor. Nike has taken steps to improve the conditions in its 1,000 factories overseas. However, there are many more recent problems that still exist today. As recently as 2011 Nike was again facing allegations of abuse and mistreatment of factory workers in Indonesia. The problems seemed to be occurring in the Pou Chen Group Factory in Sukabumi, which is located about 100 kilometers from Jakarta. This factory started making Converse shoes in 2007, which was four years after Nike bought Converse. It has been reported that, workers making Nikes Converse brand sneakers in Indonesia said supervisors regularly physically assaulted and verbally bused them. Nike admits that abuses occurred but insists there was little it could do to stop it. wsws. org/en/articles/2011 /09/nike-s08. html The Pou Chen factory is located in a place where the minimum wage is far below the national average. It has 10,000 workers who make Converse sneakers. Most of the workers are women, and they earn only 50 cents an hour. The amount that they earn is not even enough to cover their food and very poor housing. In this factory, the women are both physically and verbally abused. Nikes own investigations have proved these complaints to be true. The company made a statement saying that mmediate actions would be taken to deal with the situation. It is interesting to note that, an internal Nike report, released to the Associated Press after it inquired about the abuse, showed that nearly two-thirds of 168 factories making Converse products worldwide failed to meet Nikes own standards for contract manufacturers. Twelve access to Nike inspectors. Another 97 are in a category defined as making no progress in improving problems ranging from verbal harassment to paying less than the minimum wage. wsws. org/en/articles/2011 /09/nike-s08. html There have been many years of criticism of Nikes sweatshop factories. Despite Nikes promises to make improvements and address the issues, Nike has not been successful in their initiatives. The fact is that in order to make enormous profits, companies like Nike continue to exploit their factory workers. For example, a pair of Nike running shoes that sells for $140. 00 only costs about $3. 0 to produce. Nikes sweatshop factories give Jobs to about 800,000 low-paid workers. A high percentage of the workers are young women between the ages of 18 to 24. They are paid less than a reasonable wage. In Indonesia, they should earn about $4. 50 a day to be able to cover their basic needs. However, Nike only pays them about $2. 50 a day. This problem is not unique to Nike. The sweatshop conditions endured by low-wage garment workers around the globe arise from the necessity of capital to extract ever- greater amounts of surplus value, and profit, from the labor of the working class. The globalization of production has created the objective conditions for forging the international unity of working people in struggle against the giant transnational corporations such as Nike. Under capitalism, however, the vast expansion of productive capacity taking place only leads to a never-ending competitive drive to lash wages and conditions. wsws. org/en/articles/2011/09/nike-s08. html Although Nike has recognized the fact that the sweatshop conditions are terrible, and have done so for many years, the problem goes much further than Just Nike. Steps must be taken worldwide to improve conditions in the global workplace. Nike is not the only company that exploits its workers. They are not the only ones who are making a fortune while their workers live in poverty and suffer constant abuse. It is difficult, however, to clean up Nikes factories when Nikes competitors are using the ame factories at the same time. The cycle of exploitation will be very hard to change, as there is nothing new concerning horrible sweatshop conditions. Since sweatshop conditions are very widespread, it is difficult to avoid buying products made in sweatshops. The problem is a global production system that drives contractors to cut costs, increase productivity, and meet shorter and shorter delivery times, all of which further squeeze workers. This global system continues to lower standards and worsen conditions in developing countries. http:// nature. berkeley. edu/orourke/media/globe-op-ed. html The video entitled Nike Sweatshops: Behind the Swoosh explores the Nike sweatshop issue. It uses a Nike factory town in Indonesia as a case study to make the film. It shows the oppression and exploitation in this part of the world. The film shows the horrible conditions of the workers living in squalor. They work very long hours under very difficult conditions and cannot even meet their most basic needs. been threatened not to talk to anyone about factory conditions. They are not allowed to talk about their living conditions. The film shows that Tiger Woods is paid $100,000,000 dollars for wearing Nike lothing, and Nike is making billions of dollars each year. However, Nike continues to exploit the people who work very hard for the company. The film says, Nike is in Indonesia for one reason cheap labor. It is an ideology of maximizing profit at all costs of humanity and nature. The film calls for truth Justice, and equality for all people. The message should continue to be spread. youtube. com/watch? FM5UYCWVfuPQ It is essential that the companies responsible for the horrible conditions in sweatshops around the world take further steps to find out exactly what problems exist and how to resolve them. There needs to be greater public awareness and accountability. The factory conditions should not be kept secret. The factory workers and their communities need to have a strong, united voice. They should be represented by their own strong organizations. Conditions will only begin to improve when workers are no longer exploited and oppressed. It will only be then that the most serious problems in the global supply chains can be identified and resolved. http://nature. berkeley. edu/orourke/media/globe-op-ed. html Since the 1990s Nike has been criticized for exploiting workers in sweatshop conditions. Nike has admitted that the problems exists, but has not been able to change the system of exploitation and harsh working conditions. Nike violates U. S. labor laws. Sweatshops exist internationally as well as in the United States. Consumers are an important part of the global system that supports sweatshop exploitation. If consumers refused to buy items made in sweatshop conditions, then sweatshops would not survive. Worker conditions would have to improve in order for us to purchase the products. We need to make sure that companies continue to create jobs and products while making major improvements on concerning working onditions. All employees must be treated with dignity. Companies can continue to make good profits while raising salaries and improving conditions. Companies that are based in developed countries like the U. S. ake advantage of lower wages and poor labor laws in developing nations. By having their factories in developing countries, companies can avoid having to respect labor laws and exploit workers. In order to combat sweatshop conditions, we need a strong, global movement against corporate greed that will make sweat-free purchasing, and trade agreements with enforceable labor rights, politi cal priorities. Despite the claims f transnational corporations-and the economists that work for them- sweatshops are not a natural stage of economic development, nor will they automatically disappear if we abandon the economy to market forces. Like any other injustice, we rid the world of sweatshops only if we demand that they be abolished. Sweat-free policies is essential to educate consumers by publicizing current working conditions. Consumers must demand better conditions for factory workers. Stricter laws should be enforced with sanctions for violations of labor laws. With all the money Nike and other companies make on their product and spend Just o market their product is an abomination for them to say well there is nothing we can do. It is not about that it is about the big guy always has the power at the top and giving a cut to the ones who could make a change. If our society didnt revolve around greed and realize that they can put that money that they use to market their product which is no longer nessecary because people buy it anyways and put it towards providing better working conditions and a higher salary and health care. At the end of the day it is up to us the people to see the changes we wish to see bestowed upon ur world and the future of our children. Resources: 1 . http://businessethicscases. logspot. com. es/2013/04/nike-inc-employees-in-nikes- converse. html 2. http://dogeatdog. michaelmoore. com/nikerelease. html 3. http://globalpeaceandconflict. wordpress. com/2012/02/23/nike-and-modern-day- slavery/ 4. http://nature. berkeley. edu/orourke/media/globe-op-ed. html 6. change. org/petitions/]ust-do-it-nike-stop-abusing-indonesian-workers 7. commondreams. org/headlinesol 11020-01 . htm 8. dailymail. co. uk/news/article-2014325/Nike-workers-kicked-slapped- erbally-abused-factories-making-Converse-line-lndonesia. tml 9. huffngtonpost. com/2011107/13/nike-faces-new-worker-abuse- Indonesia n 896816. html 10. time. com/time/nation/article/O,8599,11132,00. html 11 . wsws. org/en/articles/2011 /09/nike-s08. html 12. youtube. com/watch? v=CCrUZuyZHyk 13. youtube. com/watch? Fe9ZktmrGGMlJ 14. youtube. com/watch? v=FveOxJEyk41J 15. youtube. com/watch? FM5uYCWVfuPQ 16. http://wwwl . american. edu/ted/nike. htm 17. http://xroads. virginia. edu/†CLASS/am483_97/proJects/hincker/nikhist. html

The 4 Stages of Adlerian Therapy

The 4 Stages of Adlerian Therapy Individual therapy, or Adlerian therapy, is an approach in which a therapist works with a client to identify obstacles and create effective strategies for working towards their goals. Adlerians believe that, by gaining insight into challenges, people can overcome feelings of inferiority. Moreover, Adlerians believe that people are most fulfilled when they are working towards the social interest; that is, when they are doing things that are beneficial for society as a whole. Key Takeaways: Adlerian Therapy Adlerian therapy, also known as individual therapy, emphasizes the individual’s ability to bring about positive change in his or her own life.Adlerian therapy consists of four stages: engagement, assessment, insight, and reorientation.In Adler’s theory, individuals work to overcome feelings of inferiority and to act in ways that benefit the social interest. Four Stages of Adlerian Therapy In Adler’s approach to therapy, termed individual psychology or Adlerian psychology, therapy progresses through a series of four stages: Engagement. The client and therapist begin to establish the therapeutic relationship. The relationship should consist of collaboration towards addressing the clients problems. The therapist should offer support and encouragement.Assessment. The therapist works to learn more about the clients background, including early memories and family dynamics. In this part of therapy, the therapist attempts to understand how the client may have developed certain styles of thinking that are no longer helpful or adaptive for them.Insight. The therapist offers an interpretation of the client’s situation. The therapist suggests theories about how past experiences may have contributed to issues the client is currently experiencing; importantly, the therapist leaves it up to the client to decide whether these theories are accurate and useful.Reorientation. The therapist helps the client to develop new strategies that the client can use in daily life. Feelings of Inferiority One of Adler’s most well known ideas is that everyone experiences feelings of inferiority (i.e. worries that one is not achieving enough). Among psychologically healthy individuals, these feelings of inferiority encourage the pursuit of goals, providing motivation to strive towards self-improvement. In other words, by developing positive ways of coping with feelings of inferiority, individuals can end up achieving great things and making a positive contribution to society as a whole. However, some individuals have difficulty coping with feelings of inferiority, which leads them to feel discouraged. Other individuals may cope with feelings of inferiority in unproductive ways, like behaving selfishly in order to feel superior to others. In Adlerian therapy, the therapist works to provide the client the support and encouragement they need in order to cope more effectively with feelings of inferiority and to develop healthy ways of overcoming these feelings. Social Interest One of Adler’s other key ideas was the concept of the social interest. According to this idea, people are at their best- their psychologically healthiest and most fulfilled- when they act in ways that benefit society. For example, a person high in social interest might go out of their way to help others, while a person with lower levels of social interest may bully others or act in antisocial ways. Importantly, levels of social interest can change over time. A therapist can help their client increase his or her levels of social interest. Alfred Adlers Life and Legacy Alfred Adler was born in the suburbs outside of Vienna, Austria in 1870. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, graduating in 1895. After medical school, Adler first worked as an ophthalmologist, but later decided to study psychiatry. He was initially a colleague of Sigmund Freud, with whom he cofounded the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. However, he later split with Freud and went on to develop his own ideas about psychiatry. Adler developed the approach to therapy known as individual psychology, and in 1912, he founded the Society of Individual Psychology. Today, Adler’s influence can be found in numerous areas of psychology. Many his ideas have found support in the burgeoning field of positive psychology, and his emphasis on the individual’s social context (e.g. family setting and larger culture) is supported in many branches of contemporary psychology. Sources â€Å"About Alfred Adler.† Adler University. https://www.adler.edu/page/about/history/about-alfred-adlerâ€Å"Adlerian Principles.† Adler University. https://www.adler.edu/page/community-engagement/center-for-adlerian-practice-and-scholarship/history/adlerian-principlesâ€Å"Adlerian Psychology / Psychotherapy.† GoodTherapy.org (2016, Oct. 4). https://www.goodtherapy.org/learn-about-therapy/types/adlerian-psychologyâ€Å"Adlerian Therapy.† Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/adlerian-therapyâ€Å"Alfred Adler.† North American Society of Adlerian Psychology. https://www.alfredadler.org/alfred-adlerâ€Å"Alfred Adler (1870-1937).† GoodTherapy.org (2018, Mar. 2). https://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/alfred-adler.htmlClark, Arthur J. â€Å"What the World Needs More: Social Interest.† Psychology Today Blog (2017, Sep. 4). https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/dawn-memories/201709/what-the-world-n eeds-more-social-interestWatts, Richard E. â€Å"Adlerian Counseling.†Ã‚  The Handbook of Educational Theories  (2013): 459-472. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Richard_Watts8/publication/265161122_Adlerian_counseling What Is an Adlerian?† North American Society of Adlerian Psychology. https://www.alfredadler.org/what-is-an-adlerian

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